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APRL call numbers are included with the references.

• Stamps by region
• Stamps by purpose
• Stamps by feature
• Postal stationery, other than stamped envelopes
• Disputed items
• Bogus and speculative items

[G]	date from Gibbons catalogs
[M]	date from Michel catalogs
[S]	date from Scott catalogs (month and day are seldom given)
[v]	date confirmed by another reliable source
[*]	date confirmed by multiple reliable sources
[u]	date uncertain, but the best that can be ascertained
[d]	the nature of the item is disputed
?	date, not known or not stated
italic	date, item not properly issued
[EDU]	earliest documented use; there may also be an earlier or later announcement date
(L)	local post, also noted as postmaster, city, canton (Switzerland), zemstvo (Russia), or carrier (US)
(P)	private post, including the US Independent Mails of 1843-1845
(PL)	private local post

Dates in Russia are all old style (Julian).  Dates in Greece, Romania, Serbia, etc., are noted as old/new (Julian/Gregorian).  The difference was 12 days in this period.
Links to Wikipedia are included, but the information there is not always reliable, and seldom is complete.
The (L) notation does not distinguish between services operated by the local authorities, or by the national authorities with limited scope.

• (note 0) The Penny Black is known used on May 2 and May 5, prior to its validity on May 6.  The Twopenny Blue is known used (one each) on May 6 and May 7, but not generally used until May 8.
  
• (note 1) ROPiT  = РОПиТ = Русское общество пароходства и торговли = Russian Steam Navigation and Trading Company, Russian Company of Steam Navigation and Commerce.
• (note 2) DDSG = Donau-Dampfschiffahrt-Gesellschaft = Danube Steam Navigation Co.
• (note 3) DBSR = Danube and Black Sea Railway and Kustendje Harbour Co.
• (note 4) The Scinde District stamps were issued by the East India Company, in a part of British India that is today part of Pakistan.
• (note 5) Turkish Admiralty Steamship Co.; Hurt and Williams say 1859, and it was probably identical to Piroscafi Ottomani.
• (note 6) French Colonies, 1859, general issue.  Michel only says 1859; Yvert said June 1 in their 1936 catalog.
• (note 7) Uruguay (Montevideo).  Michel says June 26, but it is not clear if this is for 1859 or 1862.
• (note 8) British Columbia and Vancouver Island; the two separate colonies ordered one common stamp as a measure of economy.  Michel and Gibbons say only 1860; Holmes says July 30; Robson Lowe Encyclopedia says EDU Apr. 30, 1860.
• (note 9) Hungary, June 1, 1867, concurrent issue with Austria.
• (note 10) Annapolis, postmaster, two known, used 20 Mar., 8 Apr., 1846 or 1847.
• (note 11) HAPAG = Hamburg-Amerikanischen Paketfahrt-Aktien-Gesellschaft.  Known used in May, 1875.
  

• Cutouts from postal stationery that were valid for letter postage.  For example, Geneva, 1846 envelopes, cutouts allowed from 1 June 1849.
  
• Stamps of the "mother country" used in a colony.  See Scott and Gibbons for British stamps, and Michel for German.
• Stamps of one postal jurisdiction, properly sold and used in another, generally through an "office abroad", without further indication beyond the postmark.  For example, Bremen had post offices of Hanover, Oldenburg, Prussia, and Thurn and Taxis; Hamburg had offices of Denmark, Hanover, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Prussia, Schleswig-Holstein, and Thurn and Taxis.  Austria and France, among others, had extensive networks of offices abroad in the Ottoman Empire.
  
• Revenue stamps, not valid for postage; this includes adhesive stamps, and stamped paper, by embossing or printing.
• Adhesive labels, used in the postal service, but not indicating payment of postage.
• For example, the retourmarken noted by Michel.
  
• Adhesive labels, sold for charitable purposes, tolerated in the mails, not indicating payment of postage.
  

• The Kingdom of Sardinia was renamed the Kingdom of Italy, 17 Mar. 1861.  
• Sardinia/Italy acquired, by military action followed by treaty or plebiscite, Lombardy, 10 Nov. 1859; Modena, Parma, Tuscany, and Romagna (until 1859 a portion of the Papal States), 18-22 March 1860; Naples and Sicily, 17 Dec. 1860; Venetia, 19 Oct. 1866; and, the remainder of the Papal States, 20 Sep. 1870.  France acquired Savoy and Nice from Sardinia, 24 Mar. 1860.  [Sources differ on the dates, as the process had several steps.]
  
• The postage stamps of Sardinia were first used in Lombardy 1 July 1859, under military occupation.  See Dehn (1973) for dates of introduction into the other Italian states/provinces.
  

• 1865, Oct., Edinburgh and Leith Circular Delivery Co.
• 1865, Oct., Edinburgh and Leith Parcel Delivery Co.
• 1866, Feb., Clark & Co., Edinburgh
• 1866, Sep., London Circular Delivery Co.
• 1866, Dec., Glasgow Circular Delivery Co.
• 1867, Mar., Metropolitan Circular Delivery Co.
  
• 1867, Apr., Liverpool Circular Delivery Co.
• 1867, Apr., London and Districts Circular Delivery Co.
• 1867, Apr., National Circular Delivery Co.
• 1867, May, Aberdeen Circular Delivery Co.
• 1867, May, Dundee Circular Delivery Co.
• More details are provided in the Gibbons Specialized Catalogue.  The Post Office pursued a court case which concluded in Aug. 1867 that these companies were in violation of the Post Office monopoly.
  

Britain, college posts (PL)

• 1871, Nov. 29, Keble College, Oxford [SCM, Nov. 1871, vol. 9, p. 170]
• 1879, Hertford College, Oxford (the stamps had been delivered in 1875 but remained unused)
  
• More details are provided in the Gibbons Specialized Catalogue, and [Sigee].  Further issues continued until the Post Office objected in 1886.
  

• 3 c. rate, after secession but before the CSA Post Office began operations on June 1, 1861
• 7 towns, EDU Feb. 13, 1861 -- Madison Court House, FL
  
• 5 c. or 10 c. rate, between June 1 and Oct. 16, 1861
  
• 145-148 towns, depending on who is counting
• postage stamps, 46 towns, EDU June 7, 1861 -- Hillsboro, NC; Macon, GA; Marion, VA
• press-printed envelopes, 10 towns, EDU June 4, 1861 -- Lynchburg, VA
  
• handstamped envelopes, 101-106 towns, EDU June 1, 1861 -- Savannah, GA [HR Harmer, sale 3015-3016, lot 367, link]
  
• June 3, 1861 -- Atlanta, GA; Jackson, MS; Montgomery, AL
  

• 1870, Mar. 2, Holte, Baumann

• 1866, July 1 [M[, Tammerfors/Tampere
  
• 1866, Helsingfors/Helsinki
• 1867, Wanajavesi Steamship Co.
  
• 1874, Skargards Trafik Aktiebolaget
  
• 1875 (?), Sibbo

• 1861, Institut Hamburger-Boten
• Jochen Dieks, Die Marken der Hamburger Boten-Institut, 2002.  G6299 .H35 D559m 2002
• There are too many more of these to list here.  Here are some references:
  
• Michel Privatpostmarken-Spezial
  
• Carl Schmidt, Handbuch der Deutschen Privat-Postwerzeichen, 2 vol., 1939, 1943.  G6081 .L811 S349h Closed Stacks 1
  

• 1856, Oct., Tlacotalpan [M]
  
• 1866, Chiapas; 1867 [M]
• 1867, Cuautla
• 1867, Cuernavaca [M]
• 1867, Guadalajara [M]
• 1872, Chihuahua

Norway, local posts

• 1865, Bergen
• 1865, Nov. 17, Trondheim, Georg F. Krogh
  
• 1868, Drammen, I.B. Hagen
  
• 1869, May 4, Drammen, G.O. Ulleberg
  

• 1864, Rigi-Kaltbad (Hôtel und Pension Rigi-Kaltbad), 21.6.1865 on cover
  
• An earlier marking on gummed paper is known used 25.7.1863 on cover; this is the earliest recorded Swiss hotel post item.
  
• 1868, Rigi-Scheideck (Hôtel und Pension Rigi-Scheideck), 21.7.1869 on cover
  
• 1870, Rigi-Kulm (Hôtel du Righi-Coulm), 9.6.1870 on cover
  
• 1870, Maderanerthal (Hotel zum Schweizerischen Alpenclub), 21.8.1870 on piece
  
• 1871, Stoos (Hôtel et Pension Stoos), 8.7.1871 on cover
  
• 1873, Belalp (Hotel Pension Bel-Alp), 30.8.1873 on loose stamp
  
• Some further hotels used advertising labels which did not indicate postage or mail service.  These are listed in the Zumstein catalog, but not in Michel.
• 1869, Grindelwald (Hôtel du Grand Eiger), one known, 30.8.1869 on stamped envelope
  
• 1872, Montreux (C. Langbeins Hôtel Beau-Séjour au Lac), 13.12.1872 on postal card
• Earliest dates from the Pierre Kottelat database.
  

• Except for the first item, the month of issue is not given here.  In most cases it is not known, or not certain.
• Dates and transliteration follow Artuchov; other sources may differ.

• 1865, Sep., Schlisselburg (St. Petersburg)
  
• 1866, Dneprovsk (Tavrida), Verkhnednieprovsk (Yekaterinoslav)
  
• 1867, Alatyir (Simbirsk), Kherson (Kherson), Kozelets (Chernigov), Melitopol (Tavrida), Nolinsk (Viatka), Ryazan (Ryazan), Rzhev (Tver)
  
• 1868, Byelozersk (Novgorod), Borovichy (Novgorod), Bronnitzi (Moscow), Demiansk (Tver), Glazov (Viatka), Novgorod (Novgorod), Piriatin (Poltawa), Soumy (Kharkov), Tikhvin (Novgorod), Yegorevsk (Riazan)
  
• 1869, Alexandria (Kherson), Kassimov (Riazan), Kirillov (Novgorod), Kotelnich (Viatka), Livny (Orel), Luga (St. Petersburg), Malmyzh (Viatka), Maloarkhangelsk (Orel), Novaya Ladoga (St. Petersburg), Pavlograd (Yekaterinoslav), Tver (Tver)
  
• 1870, Berdyansk (Tavrida), Kharkov (Kharkov), Krapivna (Tula), Sapozhok (Ryazan), Shadrinsk (Perm), Tambov (Tambov), Yelisavetgrad (Kherson)
  
• 1871, Atkarsk (Saratov), Bogorodsk (Moscow), Boghuchary (Voronezh), Chern (Tula), Dmitriev (Kursk), Kadnikov (Vologda), Kolomna (Moscow), Mariupol (Yekaterinoslav), Okhansk (Perm), Orgeev (Bessarabia), Pereyaslav (Poltava), Podolsk (Moscow), Pskov (Pskov), Rostov (Don), Shatsk (Tambov), Skopin (Ryazan), Valdai (Novgorod), Vasil (Nizhni-Novgorod), Vessegonsk (Tver)
  
• 1872, Akhtyirka (Kharkov), Bobrov (Voronezh), Borisoglyebsk (Tambov), Byezhetsk (Tver), Lebedian (Tambov), Perm (Perm), Syzran (Simbirsk), Ustsysolsk (Vologda), Volchansk (Kharkov), Yekaterinoslav (Yekaterinoslav)
  
• 1873, Dankov (Ryazan), Dukhovstschina (Smolensk), Griazovets (Vologda), Pereslavl (Vladimir), Tiraspol (Kherson), Yelets (Orel)
  
• 1874, Arzamas (Nizhni-Novgorod), Chembary (Penza), Dmitrov (Moscow), Gdov (St. Petersburg), Irbit (Perm), Zemlyansk (Voronezh)
  
• 1875, Ananiev (Kherson), Kremenchug (Poltava), Ostrov (Pskov)
  

Russia, Zemtsvo stamped envelopes

• 1869, Bogorodsk (Moscow)
• Fatezh (Kursk)
  

Turkey, shipping companies

• 1858, Admiralty Steamship Co., Vapori Ammiragliato
• 1868, Asia Minor Steam Ship Co. [Bell's Asia Minor Steamship Co.]
  
• 1866, T.B. Morton & Co.

United States, Private Local Posts

• long list, see the Scott US Specialized catalog, and The Penny Post (link)
• The Independent Mails (stamps issued 1844) are listed in the main table; they were private but not local.
  

• Tasmania, Scott AR1-23.
• Victoria, Scott AR1-12.
• many more

• The British Receipt and Draft stamps issued in Oct. 1853, and Inland Revenue stamps issued in April and May 1860, were authorized for postal use in 1881.
• There are many cases where fiscal stamps were tolerated for use as postage; for example, Austria and Lombardy-Venetia in 1854-1857.
• The British newspaper stamp duty, indicated by a marking directly on the newspaper, allowed free postage.
  

• 1869, Jan. 1 [M] [G], Spain, free postage (to June 30, 1869) for the book by Diego Castell Fernandez, La Cartilla Postale de España
• 1870, Sep., Switzerland, for the Red Cross (local and international committees)
  
• 1871, Feb., Switzerland, for the French military internees
  

• 1851, Jan. 1 [*], Austria, incl. Hungary and Lombardy-Venetia
• No value indicated; sold for kreuzer in Austria or centesimi in Lombardy-Venetia; sold only in full sheets of 100 to the publisher.  The blue stamp paid for one paper, the yellow for 10, the rose for 50, all from the publisher.
  
• 1854, Adams & Co.'s Express (PL) (California, US)  [d]
• 1858, Nov. 1, Romania, Moldavia, "Porto Gazetei"
  
• 1861, Jan. 1 [*], Sardinia
  
• 1861, Wells Fargo & Co. (PL) (California, US)
• 1862, May 1 [*], Italy
• 1865, Sep., United States (Newspapers and Periodicals)
  
• 1866, May 1/13 [M], Serbia
• See Rasic, for discussion of Newspaper Postage [Michel] vs. Newspaper Tax [Scott].
  
• 1866, June 1 [M] [G], Belgium (the "little lion"), usage limited to newspapers and printed matter
  
• 1867, June 1 [M] [G], Hungary, concurrent issue with Austria
• 1867, July 1 [M] [G], Spain
  
• 1868, Dec., France (EDU, 13 Jan. 1869) [not in Michel]
• 1870, T.B. Morton & Co. (PL) (Turkey)
  
• 1871, May 1 [M] [G], Hungary (independent post)
  
• 1873, Jan. 1 [M], New Zealand

• In some cases, also valid for printed matter of other types.
• Newspaper-rate postage stamps, not limited to newspapers
• 1860, Nov. 6, Dec. 6, Naples
• 1861, June 1, Belgium
• 1870, Oct. 1, Britain
  

• 1853, Mar. 1 [*], Austria, incl. Hungary and Lombardy-Venetia
  
• 1853, Apr. 1 [*], Modena
  
• 1853, Apr. (14? 15?) [*], Parma  (Mueller, Feb. 1)
  
• 1854, Oct. 1 [*], Tuscany
  
• 1858, Nov. 1 [*], Lombardy-Venetia
  
• 1868, 20 June [M] [G], Hungary (independent post)
  
• 1868 [S] [G], Hungary, for the Military Border District
  
• In each case, this was a tax on foreign newspapers, collected by the Post Office.
  

• 1840, April/May [M] [G] [S], Britain, VR Official, not properly issued
  
• 1854, July 1 [*], Spain; these are rated by weight, not by currency value
  
• 1860 [G], Spanish Antilles (in Cuba)
  
• 1862, Aug. 1 [G], Western Australia, postage stamps with a circular hole
  
• 1866, Aug. 1 [M] [G], British India
• 1868, Apr. 1 [G], South Australia (overprints)
  
• 1869, Dec. [M] [G], Ceylon (overprints), unissued
• 1870, Jan. 1 [M] [G], North German Confederation
• 1871, Apr. 1 [M] [G[, Denmark
• 1873, Oct. [M], Hyderabad
• 1873, Jan. 1 [M] [G], Iceland
• 1873, July 1 [S] [M], United States
  
• 1874, Jan. 1 [M] [G], Sweden
• 1875, July 1 [M] [G], Württemberg
  
• 1875 [M] [G], British Guiana
• 1875, Jan. 1 [*], Italy
• 1875, July 1 [M] [G], Luxembourg

• 1845, Netherlands Indies (Michel, Service Stamps, Zustellungsmarken)
  
• 1859, Jan. 1 [*], France
• 1862, Oct. 1 [*], Baden, rural post
  
• 1862, Oct. 1 [*], Bavaria
• 1863, Jan. 1 [*], Italy
• 1863, Jan. 1 [M], Turkey
• 1866, Colombia, Sobreporte, see note in Scott
• 1870, May 15 [M], Netherlands
• 1870, Aug. 1 [M] [G], Belgium
• 1874, Jan. 1 [M] [G], Sweden
• 1874, July [M], Peru
• 1874, Netherlands Indies
  
• 1875, Mar. 1/13 [M] [G], Greece

• ? - see Michel Europe 6 Netherlands, Overseas 2 Netherlands Antilles, Overseas 3.2 Surinam
  

• 1854, Dec. 1 [M], Victoria
• 1856, Jan. 1 [M], New South Wales
• 1861, Jan. [M], Queensland
• 1865 [M], Colombia
• 1875, Nov. 15 [M] [G], Canada

• 1850, Jan. 1, Spain, stamps inscribed Correos Certificado (or similar) were intended for registered letters, but not exclusively so.
  

• 1853, Britain (private)
• 1860, Jan. [G], British India
• 1862, United States, telegraph tax
• 1864, June 15 [M], Prussia
• 1864, July 1 [v], Spain
  
• 1866, Jan. 7 [M], Belgium
• 1866, Russia
• 1868, Jan. 1 [*], Switzerland
• 1868, Jan. 1 [M], France
• 1868, Cuba
• 1869, Aug. 1 [M], North German Confederation
• 1869, Brazil
• 1869 [M], Vienna (private)
• 1870, Jan. 1 [M], Bavaria
• 1871, Feb. 1 [G], New South Wales
  
• 1872, Nov. 1 [M], Germany
• 1873, Aug. 1 [M], Austria
• 1873 [M], Hungary
• 1875, Jan. 1 [M], Württemberg
• 1876, Feb. 1 [G], Britain (Post Office)
  

• 1851, Sep. 29 [M], United States, carrier fee; EDU Oct. 28, 1851 [S]
  
• 1855, Jan. 1 [M], Victoria, Late Fee
• 1860, Wells, Fargo & Co. (PL) (New York), steamship express fee
  
• 1863, Hussey's Post (PL) (New York), special-delivery fee
• 1865, Bavaria, retourmarken; noted in Michel, listed in Sem
• Labels used when returning a letter to its sender.
  
• Similar, Thurn and Taxis, Württemberg, Germany; see Michel Germany Specialized and references therein.
  
• 1865, Colombia, declared-value letter-seals, "cubiertas"
• Some catalogues list these as postal stationery; they are large gummed labels with postal value.
• 1870, Germany, Avers-Zettel [Michel Germany Specialized]
• 1872 [M], Norway, retourmarken
  
• 1874, Jan. 1 [M] [G] [S], Spain, War Tax
• 1874, Jan. 1 [*], Italy, Accounting stamp for postal identification booklet
• 1874, July 1, Germany, Gebührenzettel für Dienstbriefe der Eisenbahngesellschaften [Michel Germany Specialized]
• 1874, Switzerland, Chemin de Fer du Jura industriel (PL), used on forms accompanying parcels carried on the railway [Zumstein Spezialkatalog Schweiz]
  
• 1875, July/Aug. [M], Mexico, Porte de Mar

• 1862, Aug. 21 [S], United States, postage currency

• 1854, Jan. 28, Britain, after earlier trials in 1848, 1850 and 1853, and previous use on revenue stamps
  
• 1855, Sweden
• 1856, Dec. 21, Norway
• 1857, Feb. 28 [EDU], United States
• 1857, Victoria, roulette
  
• 1857, Western Australia, roulette
  
• 1858, Nov. 1, Austria
• 1852, postmaster-applied roulette, in Homona (June) and Tokay (Nov.)
• 1854, fiscal stamps, tolerated for postage
  
• 1858, Jan. 10/22, Russia
• 1860, Jan. 1, Finland, roulette
• 1860, June, Baden
  
• 1862, Aug., France
  
• 1862, Oct. 1, Switzerland
• 1863, Mar., Denmark, roulette
  
• 1863, Apr. 11, Belgium
  
• 1865, Jan. 1, Spain
• 1865, Luxembourg, roulette
  
• etc.

• 1845, July 1, Basel, Dove (black, crimson, blue)
  
• etc.
  

• 1843, Sep. 30, Geneva, "Double Geneva" (2 parts, each valid for postage)
  
• 1856, July 1, Mecklenburg-Schwerin (4 parts, each valid for postage)
  
• Kotelnich, Zemstvo (stamp + receipt)
  
• etc.
  

• May 1840, Britain, Mulready envelopes and letter sheets
  
• Oct. 1843, Philadelphia Despatch Post, "striding messenger", Scott 15L3
• etc.
  

• 1844, June, Hale & Co. (private), Scott 75L3-4; discovered 1893
  
• late 1845 or early 1846, US City Despatch Post (governmental), 3c rate changed to 2c, Scott 6LB7
• 1855, Cuba, "Y 1/4" overprints, change of rate and jurisdiction (local to national)
  
• etc.

• Postmasters initials, handwritten, for validation purposes, were used in New York (1845, postmaster), British Guiana (1850), etc.
  
• Overprints and underprints, for private security purposes, were first used in Britain in 1867, and unofficially long before that. 
  

• 1867, United States, grilled paper (to allow cancellation ink to penetrate the paper, and prevent reuse)

• 1868, Britain, perfins (perforated initials, to discourage theft of unused stamps)

• Unauthorized bisects include the British 2d blue used as 1d.
• Egypt [G], bisect authorized 16-31 July 1867.
  

• The Republic of Venice "AQ" letter sheets of 1608-1797 paid a fiscal tax (not postage) to raise money for the water system.
  
• The Sardinia "cavallini" letter sheets of 1819 and 1820 paid a fiscal tax (not postage) on letters sent outside the mails.  While the Post Office took the money in advance and kept it, and provided some printed paper in return, there was no further service provided except avoiding the legal consequence of violating the postal monopoly.
  
• 1819, Jan. 1, printed design; 1820, Jan. 1, embossed design
• L. Hanciau, The Postal Issues of Italy and the Italian Colonies, Stanley Gibbons Monthly Journal, 1906-1907, vol. 17, p. 13-16, 54-56, 116-120, 185-189, 223-228.
  

• 1873, July 1, United States (Post Office Dept., War Dept.)
  

• 1861, Oct., United States
• 1864, Apr. 1, New South Wales
• 1868, Nov. 1, North German Confederation
• 1869, Sep. 8, Victoria
• 1870, Oct. 1, Gt. Britain; dated 10.1.70 in the design
  
• 1870, Oct. 3/15, Romania
• 1871, June, Switzerland; dated 20.3.71 in the design, but that is the approval date
  
• 1872, Apr., Japan
  
• 1872, May 28, Denmark
• 1872, Austria
• 1872, Oct. 1, Hungary
• 1875, Canada [Unitrade]
  

Letter sheets, writing paper which folds to envelope size

• 1838, Nov. 1, Sydney (L)
  
• 1840, May 6, Great Britain (Mulready)
• 1846, Apr. 1 [Mueller], St. Petersburg, Russia (L); with or without attached envelope
  
• 1850, Jan. 1, Finland; privately ordered [Mueller]
  
• 1857, Sep. 15, British India
• 1861, United States

• 1869, Oct. 1, Austria
• 1869, Oct. 1, Hungary
• 1870, July 8, Württemberg
• 1870, July - Sep., formula cards in Bavaria, North German Confederation, Baden, Luxembourg, Alsace-Lorraine
• 1870, Oct. 1, Britain
• 1870, Oct. 1, Switzerland
• 1871, Jan. 1, Belgium
• 1871, Jan. 1, Netherlands
• 1871, April 1, Denmark (also official use)
• 1871, June 1, Canada
• 1871, July 1, Germany (Reichspost), formula card
  
• 1871, Oct. 1, Finland
• 1871, Dec. 24, Chile, formula card
  
• 1872, Jan. 1, Norway
• 1872, Jan. 1, Sweden (also official use, Jan. 1, 1874)
  
• 1872, May 1, Russia (also formula card, Jan. 1)
• 1872, Sep. 1, Ceylon
• 1873, Jan. 1, Shanghai, subscriber card
• 1873, Jan. 15, France, formula card
  
• 1873, Feb. 1, Austrian Levant Offices
• 1873, Apr. 1, Newfoundland
• 1873, May 12, United States (planned for May 1, but delayed)
  
• 1873, June 1/13, Romania
• 1873, June 15, Heligoland, formula card
  
• 1873, July 1/13, Serbia
• 1873, Dec. 1, Spain
• 1873, Dec. 1, Japan
  
• 1874, Jan. 1, Italy
• 1875, Sep., Keble College, Oxford (PL)
• 1875, Nov. 12, Turkey, formula card

Receipts (stamped, or with text indicating the postal fees)

• 1849, Switzerland (cantonal, 1803-1848; federal, from 1849) [Zumstein Ganzsachen Schweiz]
  
• 1871, Oct. 8, Finland

Telegraph forms or cards

• 1870, Great Britain
• 1873, Austria
• 1873, Hungary

Money order cards

• 1865, formula cards, most of the German states plus Austria
  
• 1867, July 1, Switzerland
• 1870, Austria
• 1871, Hungary
• 1874, Bavaria
  

Various other uses

• 1871, Austria, collection orders (nachnahmekarte)
• 1871, Dec. 15, Hungary, collection orders
• 1875, April 1, Switzerland, collection orders (Postauftragsumschläge, Einzugsmandate)
  

• Canada, 7 April 1851, New Carlisle - Gaspé, unique cover, offered by David Feldman private treaty at NY2016 (p.o.r.).  The marking is either a postmaster provisional or a fancy rate marking; see BNAPS, New Carlisle, and BNA Topics, Oct.-Dec. 2003 (link).
• Adams & Co.'s Express, 1854, postage stamps, Scott 1L1-6; envelope stamps, Scott 1LU1-4; newspaper stamps, Scott 1LP1; see R. Frajola, The Adams Express Co.
  

• Fiji, 1871.  The first government issue date was Oct. 1871 (according to Gibbons) or 3 Dec. 1871 (according to Michel).  As noted by Gibbons, the stamps arrived in Fiji from the printer in Sydney in Oct., and the postal law went into effect in Dec.  Bacon suggested, from a postal notice, that the stamps were issued 9 Oct. 1871.  Rodger and Duberal, with access to government archives, showed that the stamps were dispatched from the printer 7 Oct. 1871, arrived 18 Oct. 1871, and were on sale in Nov. 1871; indeed, a cover exists with Sydney transit mark dated 15 Nov. 1871.  We thus venture "late Oct. 1871" as the issue date.
  
• The Postal Act of Fiji, Sydney Morning Herald, Jan. 9, 1872, p. 5 (link).  The act was passed in Dec. and came into force upon passage.
• E.D. Bacon, The "Fiji Times Express" Stamps, and Early Government Issues of Fiji, London Philatelist, 1893, vol. 2, p. 5-8, 33-35 (link).
• J.G. Rodger and R.F. Duberal, Fiji, The Stamps and Postal History 1870-75, 1970.
• D.W.F. Alford, Fiji Philatelics, 2004.
• Danish West Indies, 1855 or 1856.
  

• Claimed to have been issued
  
• 1869, "Clara Rothe", supposedly a maritime service between St. Thomas and Puerto Rico.
  
• See Stamp Collectors Magazine, 1869, p. 72, 87, 111, 121, 178; le Timbre-poste, 1869, p. 86.
  

• Submitted to the issuing authority, not claimed to have been issued
  
• 1865, Riester essays for Persia, Bolivia, Romania
  
• Greece

• Alexandria (DC/VA), 1846 postmaster -- 1872
• Annapolis (MD), 1846 postmaster -- 1895
• Baltimore (MD), 1845 postmaster -- 1895
  
• Bermuda, 1848 postmaster -- 1897
• Britain, 1840 Parliamentary envelopes -- 1881
• Millbury (MA), 1846 postmaster -- 1884
• New Haven (CT), 1845 postmaster -- 1871
• Sydney, 1838 -- 1869 (listed in Dr. Gray's catalogue, 5th ed., 1870, p. 210)
• Tiflis, 1857 local post -- 1889
  
• etc.
  

• In this list, there is no information about the nature of the stamps that have been issued, only that "Postage stamps have been introduced."  Most of the information concerns rates and the rate structure; all weights, distances and fees were converted to British units, for easy comparison.
• (*) Prepayment is encouraged by offering a lower rate to the sender than to the recipient.  Stated to be in 12 countries, but only 10 are noted in the list.
• At least 6 countries, and 16 colonies, having also issued stamps through the end of 1854, are omitted from the list.
  

Stamps have been issued by:

• Austria (*)
• Baden (*)
• Bavaria (*)
• Belgium
• Brazil; compulsory prepayment
• Brunswick
• Chile (*)
• Denmark (*)
• France (*)
• Frankfurt (for Hesse and Nassau) [Thurn und Taxis]
• Hanover
• Netherlands
• Oldenburg
• Portugal (*)
• Prussia; also stamped envelopes
• Russia; stamped envelopes only; compulsory prepayment
• Sardinia
• Saxony
• Spain (*)
• Switzerland
• Tuscany
• United States (*) (with no mention of the stamped envelopes issued since 1853)
• Württemberg (*)

Stamps have not yet been issued by:

• Bremen  [Apr. 10, 1855]
• Ecuador  [Jan. 1, 1865]
• Hamburg  [Jan. 1, 1859]
• Lübeck  [Jan. 1, 1859]
• Naples  [Jan. 1, 1858]
• New Granada  [May 1, 1859]
• Peru  [1857-58]
• Sweden  [July 1, 1855]

Stamps have now also been issued by:

• Barbados (*)
  
• Canada
• India (*)
  
• Mauritius (*)
  
• New Brunswick
• New South Wales; compulsory prepayment
• New Zealand
• Nova Scotia
• South Australia (*)
  
• Tasmania; compulsory prepayment
• Trinidad; compulsory prepayment
• Victoria; compulsory prepayment
• Western Australia; compulsory prepayment

Stamps have not yet been issued by:

• Ceylon  [Apr. 1, 1857]
• Gold Coast  [July 1, 1875]
• Jamaica  [Nov. 23, 1860]
• Newfoundland  [Jan. 1, 1857]
• Prince Edward Island  [Jan. 1, 1861]

No internal post has yet been established in Sierra Leone, and none was required in Heligoland or Vancouver's Island [omitted from the report].

The inquiries for this report were made in April 1855.  For the inquiry and some of the replies, see Louis E. Bradbury, A True Account of the Discoveries at the Record Office, The London Philatelist, 1924, vol. 33, p. 211-218, 245-247, 269-271; 1925, vol. 34, p. 5-8, 41-43, 69-71; 1929, vol. 38, p. 207.

• 1854, Oct. 1, Switzerland
  
• 1856, Jan. 1, United States
• 1856, July 1, Spain (for internal use)
  
• 1859, Feb. 10, UK (link)
  

Consider adding these if there is better evidence (see Hurt & Williams)

• 1842, Piroscafi Ottomani (PL) (Turkey); see Turkish Admiralty Steamship Co.
• Handstamps reading P.P., etc. were in use from 1842.
• 1847, Posta Europea (PL) (Egypt)
• Handstamped franks were in use from 1847.
  
• 1857, Greek Navigation Co.
• Handstamped franks were in use from 1857.
• 1870 (?), Sutherland & Co., Japan?
• year and location uncertain
  
• 1871, Apr., Moreau, Paris (PL)

• an excerpt, http://www.phila-reunion.com/1852.html

• Exhibits and other resources

• The dates for Madrid, British Honduras, and Trinidad, are suspicious.

• https://www.stanleygibbons.com/publishing/publishing-house
• https://www.stanleygibbons.com/shop/publications/stamp-catalogues

• Great Britain Specialised Stamp Catalogue, vol. 1, 16th ed., 2012.
• Sectional catalogues, Australia (2016)
• Stamps of the World, Simplified Catalogue, 2020, 6 vol.; year dates only
  

• Collect British Stamps, 2021, link
  
• Great Britain Concise Stamp Catalogue, 2021, link
  
• Great Britain Specialized Catalogues, Volume 1, Queen Victoria, 2020. 
  
• Vol. 1, Part 1, 2021, link; digital, link
• Vol. 1, Part 2, 2022, link
  
• Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps, 1840-1970, 2021, link. 
  
• 2022, link; digital, link
• Commonwealth Country Catalogues
  
• Australia and Dependencies, 2009 (5th), 2012 (7th), 2013 (8th), 2014 (9th),  2016 (10th), 2018 (11th), link
• Bangladesh, Burma, Pakistan and Sri Lanka, 2004 (1st), 2010 (2nd), 2015 (3rd), link
• Belize, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, 2009 (1st), 2013 (2nd)
  
• Brunei, Malaysia and Singapore, 2009 (2nd), 2013 (4th), 2017 (5th), link
• Canada and Provinces, 2008 (3rd), 2011 (4th), 2014 (5th), 2016 (6th), 2020 (7th), link
• Channel Islands and Isle of Man, 2016, link
  
• Cyprus, Gibraltar and Malta, 2008 (2nd), 2011 (3rd), 2014 (4th), 2019 (5th), link
• East Africa with Egypt and Sudan, 2006 (1st), 2010 (2nd), 2014 (3rd), 2018 (4th), link
• Eastern Pacific, 2007 (1st), 2011 (2nd), 2015 (3rd), link
• Falkland Islands and Dependencies, 2008 (3rd), 2012 (5th), 2013 (6th), 2016 (7th), 2019 (8th), link
• Hong Kong, 2007 (2nd), 2013 (4th), 2015 (5th), 2018 (6th), link
• India (including Convention and Feudatory States), 2009 (3rd), 2013 (4th), 2018 (5th), link
• Indian Ocean, 2006 (1st), 2012 (2nd), 2016 (3rd).
• Ireland, 2008 (4th), 2011 (4th), 2015 (6th), 2019 (7th), link
• Leeward Islands, 2007 (1st), 2012 (2nd), 2017 (3rd), link
• New Zealand and Dependencies, 2009 (3rd), 2011 (4th), 2014 (5th), 2016 (6th), link
• Northern Caribbean, Bahamas and Bermuda, 2009 (2nd), 2013 (3rd), 2016 (4th), link
• St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan de Cunha, 2007 (3rd), 2011 (4th), 2014 (5th), 2017 (6th), link
• Southern and Central Africa, 2011 (1st), 2014 (2nd)
• Southern Africa, 2007 (2nd), 2008 (2nd)
  
• Central Africa, 2005 (1st), 2008 (2nd)
• West Africa, 2009 (1st), 2012 (2nd).
• Western Pacific, 2009 (2nd), 2014 (3rd), 2017 (4th), link
• Windward Islands and Barbados, 2007 (1st), 2012 (2nd), 2015 (3rd), link
• Stanley Gibbons Catalogue, Foreign Countries, Parts 2 through 22
  
• (2) Austria and Hungary, 2002 (6th), 2009 (7th), 2014 (8th)
  
• (3) Balkans, 2009 (5th)
• Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Epirus, Greece, Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Serbia and Montenegro, Slovenia, Trieste, UN (Kosovo), Venezia Giulia and Istria, Yugoslavia
  
• (4) Benelux, 2003 (5th), 2010 (6th), 2015 (7th)
  
• (5) Czechoslovakia and Poland, 2002 (6th)
• (5) Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland, 2012 (7th)
  
• (6) France, 2006 (6th), 2010 (7th)
  
• (7) Germany, 2007 (8th), 2012 (10th)
  
• (8) Italy and Switzerland, 2003 (6th), 2009 (7th), 2013 (8th)
  
• (9) Portugal and Spain, 2004 (5th), 2011 (6th)
  
• (10) Russia, 2008 (6th)
  
• (11) Scandinavia, 2008 (6th), 2013 (7th)
• Aland Islands, Denmark, Faröe Islands, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
  
• (12) Africa since Independence A-E, 1983 (2nd)
  
• (13) same, F-M, 1981 (1st)
  
• (14) same, N-Z, 1981 (1st)
  
• (15) Central America, 2007 (3rd)
  
• (16) Central Asia, 2006 (4th)
  
• (17) China, 2006 (7th), 2012 (9th), 2014 (10th)
  
• (18) Japan and Korea, 2008 (5th)
  
• (19) Middle East, 2005 (6th), 2009 (7th)
  
• (20) South America, 2008 (4th)
  
• (21) South-East Asia, 2004 (4th), 2012 (5th)
  
• (22) United States, 2005 (6th), 2010 (7th)
  
• Antarctica, 2012 (2nd)
  
• Arabia, 2016 (1st), link
• Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Yemen
  
• Austria and Hungary, 2014 (8th), link
• incl. Lombardy-Venetia, DDSG
  
• Balkans not Southern?
  
• Belgium and Luxembourg, 2015 (1st), link
• Central America?
  
• China, 2015 (11th), 2018 (12th), link
  
• Czech Republic and Slovakia. 2017 (1st), link
  
• Denmark and Norway, 2018 (1st), link
• incl. Schleswig, Faröe Islands, Greenland, Iceland
• Finland and Sweden, 2017 (1st), link
• incl. Aland Islands
• France, Andorra and Monaco, 2015 (1st), link
  
• French Colonies, 2016 (1st), link
  
• Germany, 2014 (11th), 2018 (12th), link
• incl, German States, NDP, Alsace and Lorraine, Schleswig, German Colonies
  
• Italy?
• Japan and Korea?
  
• Middle East, 2018 (1st), link
• Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestinian Authority, Syria
  
• Netherlands and Colonies, 2017 (1st), link
  
• North-East Africa, 2017 (2nd), link
• Burundi, Djibouti, Egypt, Ethiopia, Rwanda, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan
  
• Poland, 2015 (1st), link
  
• Portugal?
  
• Russia, 2014 (7th)
• South America?
  
• South-East Asia, 2012 (5th)
  
• Southern Balkans, 2019 (1st), link
• Albania, Bulgaria, Greece, Macedonia
  
• Spain and Colonies, 2019 (1st), link
  
• Switzerland, 2019 (1st), link; digital, link
  
• United States of America, 2015 (8th)
  
• United Nations, 2010 (1st), link
  

• http://www.mjpublications.com/may_dates/1d_6_may.htm

• Europa, vol. 1-7, 2014-2016.
• 1, Mitteleuropa
  
• 2, Südwesteuropa 2016.  France, Portugal (incl. Azores, Madeira), Spain.
• 3, Südeuropa 2016.  Italy, Malta, Montenegro, Serbia.
• 4, Südosteuropa 2016/2017.  Greece, Ionian Islands, Romania, Turkey.
• 5, Nordeuropa 2016/2017.  Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden.
• 6, Westeuropa 2016/2017.  Belgium, Great Britain, Luxembourg, Netherlands.
• 7, Osteuropa 2016/2017.  Poland, Russia.
• Overseas/Übersee, vol. 1-10
  
• Deutschland-Spezial, Band 1, 1849 bis April 1945, 2021.
• Osterreich-Spezial, 2014.
• Raritäten, Erste Ausgaben aus allen Ländern, to be published Dec. 2018 Dec. 2019 Mar. 2020 June 2022 Dec. 2022
• Kostbare Briefmarken und Erstausgaben, link
  
• Ganzsachen
• 
  
• Germany
• Deutschland-Spezial 2021 (2 vol., 1849-1945, 1945-present), link, link
• 2022, link, link
  
• Germany Specialized 2015/2016 (2 vol., in English), link, link
  
• Ganzsachen Deutschland 2021/2022, link
• Privatpostmarken-Spezial 2005/2006, Band 1, Privatpostmarken bis 1900
• Europe, 16 volumes
• Alpenländer 2021 (E1), link
• 2022, link
  
• Austria, Switzerland
  
• Mitteleuropa 2021 (E2), link
• 2022, link
  
• Hungary
  
• Westeuropa 2021 (E3), link
• 2022, link
  
• France
  
• Iberische Halbinsel 2021 (E4), link
• 2022, link
  
• Portugal, Spain
  
• Apenninen-Halbinsel 2021 (E5), link
• 2022, link
  
• Italy
  
• Westlicher Balkan 2021 (E6), link
• 2022, link
  
• Montenegro, Serbia
  
• Südlicher Balkan 2021 (E7), link
• 2022, link
  
• Greece, Ionian Islands
  
• Südosteuropa 2021 (E8), link
• 2022, link
  
• Romania
  
• Mittelmeerländer 2021/2022 (E9), link
• 2022/2023, link
  
• Malta, Turkey
  
• Skandinavien 2021/2022 (E10), link
• 2022/2023, link
  
• Denmark, Iceland, Norway, Sweden
  
• Baltikum und Finnland 2021/2022 (E11), link
• 2022/2023, link
  
• Finland
  
• Benelux 2021/2022 (E12), link
• 2022/2023, link
  
• Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands
  
• Britische Inseln 2021/2022 (E13), link
• 2022/2023, link
  
• Great Britain
  
• Kanalinseln und Man 2021/2022 (E14), link
• 2022/2023, link
• in English, link
  
• Osteuropa 2021/2022 (E15), link
• 2023, link
  
• Poland
  
• Russland und Sowjetunion 2021/2022 (E16), link
• 2023, link
  
• Russia
• Britische Kolonien und Gebiete, 2018, link, link, both
  
• Französische Kolonien und Gebiete, 2017, link
• Europaische Kolonien und Gebiete
• Overseas, 20 volumes [this is not a definitive list]
  
• Nordafrika 2021 (O 4.1), link
  
• Ostafrika 2021/2022 (O 4.2), link
• Nordamerika 2018 (OC 1.1), link
  
• Auslandsgebiete der USA, 2019, link
  
• Mittelamerika 2019 (OC 1.2), link
  
• Karibische Inseln 2019/2020 (OC 2.1, 2.2), link, link
  
• Südamerika 2020 (Ü 3.1, 3.2), link, link
• Nordafrika 2021 (O 4.1), link
  
• Westafrika 2019 (OC 5.1, 5.2), link, link
  
• Zentralafrika 2018/2019 (OC 6.1), link
  
• Südafrika 2018/2019 (OC 6.2), link
  
• Australien/Ozeanien/Antarktis 2020/2021 (Ü 7.1, 7.2), link, link
  
• Südasien 2021/2022 (O 8.1), link
  
• Südostasien 2022 (O 8.2), link
  
• China 2020 (Ü 9.1), link
  
• Japan, Korea, Mongolei, Georgien, GUS-Staaten (Ü 9.2), link
  
• Arabien
• Overseas
• Nordamerika 2023 (U 1.1), link
• Sudamerika 2020 (U 3.1), l Band 1 A-J, link
  
• Sudamerika 2020/2021 (U 3.2), Band 2 K-Z, link
  
• Nordafrika 2021 (U 4.1), link
  
• Ostafrika 2021/2022 (U 4.2), link
  
• Australien/Ozeanien/Antarktis 2022 (U 7.1) Band 1 A-M, link; Band 2 N-Z, link
  
• Südasien 2022 (U 8.1), link
  
• Südostasien 2022 (U 8.2), link
• China 2020 (U 9.1), link
• Japan, Korea, Mongolei, Georgien, GUS in Asien 2020 (U 9.2), link
  
• Nordarabien and Iran (U 10.1), link
• Süd- und Zentralarabien (U 10.2), link
• etc.
  
• Europe, Postal Stationery
• Ganzsachen-Katalog Europa bis 1960 (2008), link
• Ganzsachen Europa ab 1960, Westliches Europa 2011, link
• Ostliches Europa
  
• Großbritannien-Spezial 2016/2017, link
• 2023, link
• Luxemburg-Spezial 2022/2023, link
  
• Österreich-Spezial 2021, link
• Russland-Spezial 2012, link
  
• Schweiz-Spezial 2021/2022, link
• USA-Spezial 2021/2022, link, link
  
• Klassik Europa 1840-1900 (2017), link
• Klassik Übersee bis 1900 (2017), link
  

• chronology, European stamps and stamped envelopes, p. 21-22

• references, some of which provide obviously wrong information
  

• Scott Specialized Catalogue of United States Stamps and Covers, 2021.
  
• Classics, 1840-1940
  

• Table of World Stamps Issued Prior to July 1, 1845, http://siegelauctions.com/enc/carriers/pre1845list.htm (archived, 2016)
  
• The Gordon N. John Collection of United States Stamps Issued Before July 1845, Sale 868, Nov. 14, 2003, http://siegelauctions.com/2003/868/868.pdf
• United States Independent Mail Stamps, 1844-1845, Dr. Carmen Puliafito exhibit, http://siegelauctions.com/exhibits/Puliafito_Ind_Mails.pdf
• Civil War Timeline (1860-65), http://siegelauctions.com/enc/csa/csadates.htm
• Siegel Encyclopedia, http://siegelauctions.com/enc.php
  
• Siegel Census, http://siegelauctions.com/census.php
• Siegel PowerSearch, http://siegelauctions.com/lot_lkp.php
  

• Austria, 1850, 17 Oct. 2016, 21 Nov. 2016, 19 Dec. 2016 (link, link, link)
• Réunion, 1852, 20 Feb. 2017 (link)
  
• Spain, 1850, 16 Jan. 2017 (link)
  
• Zurich, 1843, 8 Oct. 2020 (link)
  

• Postmasters' Provisionals Cover Census, http://www.uspcs.org/resource-center/censuses/postmasters-provisionals-cover-census/

• available online from Sandafayre Stamps, http://www.sandafayre.com/stampatlas/introduction.html
• We have not yet incorporated any information from this work.
  

• Postage stamp
  
• List of entities that have issued postage stamps, A–E, F-L, M-Z
• similar, in French, A-Z
  
• Compendium of postage stamp issuers
  
• List of (notable) postage stamps
• Postage stamp separation
• Timeline of Postal History

• Few details of stamps.

• G6040 .A1 M623s 2014/15

• G6040 .A1 V476s

• G6043 .B3 B118b

• Altschweiz -- was nicht im Katalog steht, 1968.  G6041 .P856 B931a 1968g
• Suisse classique -- ce qui le catalogue ne dit pas, 1968.  G6040 .B931a 1968f
  

• G6043 .Z7 G571z

• G6040 .P544p 2010

• G6041 .L811 K87s

• Includes an extensive database of usages.

• G6041 .L811 S218s

• IP71989

• The Postage Stamps of Switzerland, 1843-1862.  https://www.rfrajola.com/Swiss/Mirabaud.pdf
  
• Les timbres-postes suisses, 1843-1862.  https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/lestimbrespostes00mira
  
• Die Schweizerischen Postmarken, 1843-1862.
• All three versions are available from the Crawford Library; see https://www.rpsl.org.uk/Catalogue
  
• Various reprints exist: Quarterman, 1975; Slatkine, 1993.
  

• IP71914

• IP55845, IP64542
  

• IP64764

• G6041 .P959 S334i 2016 v. 1

• IP70044

• https://www.stanleygibbons.com/products/switzerland-stamp-catalogue-1st-edition
• https://www.stanleygibbons.com/products/digital-switzerland-stamp-catalogue-1st-edition
  

Jean-Paul Bach, Basler Tauben, Historische Briefe, 1845-1852, 2020.

• https://www.philabooks.com/pages/detail.asp?L=LI&Kat=8&Kat1=1613&ID=71868&UK=1
  

• https://honegger-philatelie.ch/en/online-shop/literatur?category=literatur&page_curr=2

• https://www.briefmarken.ch/zshop/contents/de/p63576.html

• 2007 mar-apr, may-jun, jul-aug, sep-oct, nov-dec
• 2008, jan-feb, mar-apr, jul-aug

• G6713 .A1 B687c 1982

• G6713 .A1 B687cr 1984

• G6710 .A1 B687 [2000] Vol. 1

• G6710 .D3222i

• G6713 .A1 E56
• vol. 1, Regno Lombardo Veneto; vol. 2, [Sardinia]; vol. 3, Ducati di Modena e Parma, G.P. Romagne; vol. 4, Granducato di Toscana

• G6713 .A1 C357 2007sp

• G6710 .A1 C359 2017sp v. 1
  

• G6710 .A1 S252 2019

• G6710 .A1 V114 2011-2012
• Extensive bibliography
  

• Emilio Diena, I francobolli del Ducato di Modena, 1894.  G6713 .E5 D562fm 1969
• Google Books, Crawford Library
  
• Translation, The Stamps of the Duchy of Modena, 1905.  Crawford Library
  
• J.B. Moens, Timbres des états de Parme, Modène et Romagne, 1878.
• http://www.archive.org/details/timbresdestats00moen
  
• Salvagtore Morrone, Carlo Rossi, Catalogo del bolli ed annullamenti postali del Ducato di Modena, 1954.  G6713 .E5 M883c
• Hans von Rudolphi, Die Briefmarken von Modena, 1962.  HE6199 .N481 Heft-3
• Paolo Vaccari, 1852 Modena 2002, 2002.  G6713 .E5 M652 2002

• Emilio Diena, I francobolli del Regno di Napoli, 2008.  G6713 .C4:3N3 D562 2008
• Moens, 1877
  

• Bolaffi's Roman States and Vatican City specialized stamp catalog.  G6713 .P3 B687
• Sassone, Catalogo dei francobolli dello stato Pontificio, 2007.  G6713 .P3 S252

• Emilio Diena, Ducato di Parma e Governo Provvisorio, 2007.  IP57364

• Emilio Diena, Les Timbres-Poste des Romagnes, 1898.  Google Books, Crawford Library
  
• Donald S. Patton, The Romagna, 1953.  G6713 .E5 P322r 1953
  

• Emilio Diena, A History of the Postage Stamps of Sicily, 1904.  G6760 .D562h 1904z Closed Stacks 1
• Crawford Library
  

• J.B. Moens, Timbres des états de Toscane et Saint-Marin, 1878.  Google Books
  
• F.B. Petrucci, I bolli postali toscani del periodo filatelico dal 1851, 1976.  G6713 .T6 P498b Closed Stacks 1
  

• Vidmer Sintoni, Catalogo Filagrano interi postali.  G6711 .P860 C357 2006-2007
  
• Luigi Pertile, Catalogo generale degli interi postali d'Italia.  G6711 .P860 P469c 1977
• Luigi Pertile, Franco Filanci, Il nuovo Pertile.  G6711 .P860 P469c

• Commonwealth and British Empire Stamps, 1840-1970, 2021.
• Stanley Gibbons Stamp Catalogue,
  
• Austria & Hungary (2009, 7th ed.)
• Balkans (2009, 5th ed.)
• Belgium and Luxembourg (2015, 1st ed.)
  
• Germany (2018, 12th ed.)
  
• Italy & Switzerland (2013, 8th ed.)
  
• Portugal & Spain (2011, 6th ed.)
• Scandinavia (2013, 7th ed.)
  

• Vol. 1, Allemagne Empire - Grèce
• Vol. 2 never appeared, as the author died.

• Deutschland-Spezial 2021 (2 vol., 1849-1945, 1945-present).

• The 1851 Newspaper Stamps of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia, Collectors Club Philatelist, Jan. 1951, vol. 30, no. 1, p. 3-21.
• Austria, The Tokay Roulette, Collectors Club Philatelist, Mar. 1956, vol. 35, no. 2, p. 127-134, 141; May 1957, vol. 36, no. 3, p. 141-142.
• Catalogue of the Imperforate Classic Postal Stamps of Europe, 1958.