Star & Herald (Panama City, Panama) 1849–1914

The Star & Herald began as two separate papers: The Panama Star, founded by three American gold rushers in 1849, and the Panama Herald, begun in 1851 as a competitor to the Star. The merged paper—renamed the Panama Star and Herald—began printing a section in Spanish under the subheading “La Estrella de Panama,” containing unique national and international articles of interest to the local population. The earliest issues of the Star and its successors provided advice to Americans traveling to Panama (“Surplus baggage will be an entanglement till it is lost, which fortunately generally happens before the owner reaches Panama.”), warnings against fatigue and cholera, and harrowing tales of crossing the Isthmus in search of gold. The papers document the early tensions between the local populace and the evergrowing presence of America within Panama, culminating in the construction of the “transcontinental” railroad by the Panama Rail Road Co. (a U.S. company with exclusive rights for construction granted by the government of Colombia).

[Panama City] Panama Star (1849-1853)
        Weekly, irregular.  Began February 24, 1849 and continued to Jan. 31, 1853 when it became The Daily Panama Star. The issue for Oct. 6, 1849 lists Isaiah C. Woods & John H. Kent as editors and proprietors and Silas Estabrook as printer. The issue for February 26, 1851 lists Lewis A. & Peyton Middleton as publishers and proprietors. Published in English. The earliest issue at AAS is October 6, 1849, vol. 1, no. 20. The issue for February 26, 1851 has a stamp at the bottom of pages 2 & 3 reading “Gregory’s Atlantic and Pacific Express. Central Office. San Francisco.”
        1849    Oct. 6(m)
        1851    Feb. 26

[Panama City] Daily Panama Star (1853 – 1854)
        Daily.  Began February 1, 1853 continuing The Panama Star. Ceased publication May 1, 1854 when it merged with the Panama Herald to for the Daily Panama Star and Herald. Published by [Ewis A.] Middleton & [Archibald E.] Boyd. Published in English and Spanish with the Spanish section titled La Estrella de Panama.    The only issue at AAS is March 23, 1854, vol. IV, no. 48, new series vol. III, no. 44.
        1854    Mar. 23(m)

[Panama City] Panama Star & Herald (1855-1874)
        Tri-weekly.  Began Sept. 18, 1855 continuing the Daily Panama Star and Herald.  Continued until Dec. 15, 1874 when it reverted back to Daily Panama Star and Herald.  Published in English and Spanish with the Spanish section titled La Estrella de Panama.  The 1871 and 1873 issues at AAS are published and edited by James Boyd beginning with Apr. 11, 1871, vol. XXIII, no. 3432.
        1871    Apr. 11, 13, 15, 18, 20, 22, 25, 27
        1873    Apr. 1, 8, 10, 12, 17, 19, 22, 24, 29
                    May 1, 3, 6, 10, 13, 17, 20, 24, 29, 31
                    June 3, 5, 7, 12, 14, 17, 19, 24, 26

[Panama City] Panama Star & Herald. Steamer editions (1856-1878)
        Various frequencies. Steamer editions were published for various regions of the world.
        “Steamer edition.”    It also notes below the masthead, “For circulation in the United States.” Edited by Archibald B. Boyd & John Power. Published in English. The issue for Apr. 3, 1857 notes the following steamer editions. 1st (tri-weekly) for the Isthmus and New Granada. 2nd (twice a month) for Eastern States. 3rd (twice a month) for California. 4th (twice a month) for Europe. 5th (twice a month) for the South Pacific. The earliest issue at AAS is Apr. 3, 1856, vol. 1, no. 7.
        1856    Apr. 3(m)
        1857    Apr. 3 (m)
        “Edition for Central and South America”. Semi-monthly.  Published by Archibald B. and James Boyd. Published in English. The only copy at AAS is dated Mar. 25, 1866, vol. 7, no. 4
        1866    Mar. 25(m)
        “For the United States, Europe and the Antilles.” Semi-monthly. Published and edited by Archibald B. and James Boyd. Published in English and Spanish with the Spanish section titles La Estrella de Panama. The only copy at AAS is dated Mar. 24, 1869, vol. X, no. 3.
        1869    Mar. 24
        “Weekly edition for South and Central America.” Published by James Boyd. Published in English. The only copy at AAS is dated Sept. 165, 1874, vol. XV.
        1874    Sept. 16(m)

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Estrella_de_Panamá
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Estrella_de_Panamá